1. Which one among the following codes includes a means which is not of Śaktigraha?
(A) Upamāna, Kośa, Aptavākya, Vyākaraa
(B) Aptavākya, Upadhinirasa, Vyākarana, Kośa
(C) Upamāna, Aptavākya, Prasiddhapada, Sānnidhya, Vrddhavyavahāra
(D) Vyākarana, Vrddhavyavahāra , Upamāna, Kośa
Answer: (B)
2. Which of the theories given below holds the position that ‘object of knowledge owes its existence as well as its properties to the creative activity of the knowing mind’?
(A) Absolute Idealism
(B) Phenomenalism
(C) Metaphysical Idealism
(D) Epistemological Idealism
Answer: (D)
3. Husserlian expression ‘Epoche’ means
(A) Suspension of Reality
(B) Suspension of World
(C) Suspension of Judgement
(D) Suspension of Experience
Answer: (C)
4. The theory which restricts our knowledge to phenomenal appearances of an inaccessible reality is
(A) Phenomenology
(B) Subjective Idealism
(C) Phenomenalism
(D) Absolute Idealism
Answer: (C)
5. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. Subjective Idealism i. Kant
b. Commonsense Realism ii. Thomas Reid
c. Absolute Idealism iii. Hegel
d. Critical Idealism iv. Berkeley
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iv ii iii i
(D) iii ii iv i
Answer: (C)
6. If ‘O’ is false, find out the true option as given below:
(A) I and E are true and A is false.
(B) I and A are true and E is false.
(C) A and I are false and E is true.
(D) O is true but E and I are false.
Answer: (B)
7. Find out the false statement as given below: Statements:
(A) Converse of ‘A’ is ‘I’.
(B) If ‘A’ is false, then ‘O’ is true.
(C) Obverse of ‘O’ is ‘I’.
(D) Obverse of ‘E’ is ‘I’.
Answer: (D)
8. Which of the Philosophers noted below stated?
“Utility means the property of any object, whereby it tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good or happiness or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered.”?
(A) James Mill
(B) J.S. Mill
(C) Hume
(D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: (D)
9. Which of the philosophers noted below propounded ethical gradation of the springs of action?
(A) Cadworth
(B) Sidgewick
(C) Butler
(D) Martineau
Answer: (D)
10. Consider the following statements with regard to Bentham and choose the correct code: Statements:
1. Bentham dismissed ethics of asceticism as an inverted hedonism.
2. Bentham is an ethical hedonist by virtue of his employment of the pleasure principle as the standard for conduct.
3. Intuitionist ethics was criticized by Bentham for it provides no more than a subjective feeling.
Codes:
(A) Only 1 and 3 are true.
(B) Only 1 and 2 are true
(C) 1, 2 and 3 are true.
(D) Only 2 is true.
Answer: (C)
11. Hypothesis is a
(A) Free flight of mind
(B) Discovery
(C) Supposition
(D) A provisional supposition to explain a problematic event.
Answer: (D)
12. According to Shankar Brahman is away from which of the following three distinctions?
(A) Homogenous distinction, Heterogenous distinction, internal distinction
(B) Waking experience, Dreaming experience, Dreamless experience
(C) Experimental contradiction, Logical contradiction, illogical contradiction
(D) None of above
Answer: (A)
13. Select the correct descending order of Tirthankaras in the context of their period:
(A) R.abhanātha, Anantanatha, Shantinātha, Nemināth, Mahāveera
(B) Anantanatha, Shantinātha, R.abhanātha, Mahāveera, Nemināth
(C) Padmaprabha, Ajitanatha, Mallinātha, R. abhanātha, Shantinātha
(D) R. abhanātha, Anantanatha, Sambhavanātha, Ajitanatha, Mahavira
Answer: (A)
14. Reality has no assets beyond appearances and if appearances alone to its credit it will be bankrupt.’ is a statement of
(A) Green
(B) Hegel
(C) Bradley
(D) Plato
Answer: (C)
15. ‘Appearances are the appearances of reality’ is a statement of
(A) Kant
(B) Bradley
(C) Hegel
(D) Green
Answer: (B)
16. ‘Die to live’ is a statement of
(A) Kant
(B) Hegel
(C) Berkeley
(D) Mill
Answer: (B)
17. Who has said – ‘My Station and its Duties’?
(A) Plato
(B) Berkeley
(C) Kant
(D) Bradley
Answer: (D)
18. What does Shankara’s Satkaryavada known as?www.netugc.com
(A) Vijnan-Vivartvada
(B) Brahma-Vivartvada
(C) Prakriti-Parinamvada
(D) Brahma-Parinamvada
Answer: (B)
19. ‘Free-will’ in ethics means
(A) The individual is free to do anything
(B) The individual is not free to do anything
(C) The individual is free to act keeping in view of some norms
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
20. Who highlighted the problem of personal identity first in modern western philosophy?
(A) Strawson
(B) Locke
(C) Kripke
(D) Descartes
Answer: (B)
21. Which one of the following systems of Indian Philosophy designated Mok a as Nirvana?
(A) Jainism
(B) Buddhism
(C) Yoga
(D) Samkhya
Answer: (B)
22. Who says that the function of Philosophy is wholly critical?
(A) Aristotle
(B) Ayer
(C) Plato
(D) Hegel
Answer: (A)
23. On the ground of ‘relation’ propositions are divided into
(A) Categorical and conditional
(B) Affirmative and negative
(C) Universal and particular
(D) Necessary and problematic
Answer: (A)
24. ‘Universal Affirmative’ and ‘Particular Negative’ propositions are symbolized as
(A) A and E
(B) A and I
(C) E and O
(D) A and O
Answer: (D)
25. Which one of the following is known as ‘_______ triśara a’ according to Buddhism?
(A) Sravana, Manana, Nididhyasana
(B) Darshana, Jnāna, Caritra
(C) Maitri, Karuna, Mudita
(D) Buddha, Dhamma, Sa gha
Answer: (D)
26. Bhāgvadgitā has been considered as the most important work due to
(A) Harmonious philosophy of life
(B) Synthesis of action, devotion and knowledge
(C) Moral teachings
(D) All the above
Answer: (D)
27. The four moral sanctions by Bentham are
(A) Natural, Cultural, Political, Social
(B) Natural, Political, Social, Religious
(C) Natural, Economical, Political, Religious
(D) Natural, Economical, Cultural, Religious
Answer: (B)
28. All the following orders of the Purusharthas are wrong except:
(A) Dharma, Artha, Kāma, Mok a
(B) Artha, Kāma, Mok a, Dharma
(C) Dharma, Kāma, Artha, Mok a
(D) Dharma, Mok a, Artha, Kāma
Answer: (A)
29. Tirthankar means
(A) follower of a faith
(B) propounder of faith
(C) A neutral man
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
30. Which of the following is a prophetic religion?
(A) Hinduism
(B) Islam
(C) Buddhism
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
31. Who is the author of ‘The Essential Unity of all Religions’?
(A) Radhakrishnan
(B) Tagore
(C) Bhagwandas
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
32. Aristotle identified good as
(A) Happiness
(B) Perfection
(C) Utility
(D) Self-respect
Answer: (A)
33. Retributive theory of punishment holds the view that
(A) Criminals can be reformed
(B) Criminals are ought to be punished
(C) Criminals can be set free without any punishment
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
34. Cardinal virtues according to Plato,
(A) Right speech, Right action, Right mindedness
(B) Wisdom, Courage, Temperance and Justice
(C) Intellectual virtues and Moral virtues
(D) Truth, Non-violence, Celibacy, Non-Stealing
Answer: (B)
35. Eudaemonism means
(A) Well being
(B) Hedonism
(C) Utilitarianism
(D) Perfectionism
Answer: (A)
36. What is the _____________ Samavāyikāra of a table?
(A) Table itself
(B) Colour of the table
(C) The parts of the table
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
37. “Casuistry is the goal of ethical investigation” is advocated by
(A) G.E. Moore
(B) Bradley
(C) Kant
(D) Rashdul
Answer: (A)
38. Which one of the following statements according to Advait Vedanta is true to knowledge of Brahman?
(A) Both Pratyaksha and Anuman give us knowledge of Brahman
(B) Arthapatti alone gives us knowledge of Brahman
(C) Sruti is the only source of knowledge of Brahman
(D) Both Arthapatti and Anuplabdhi give us knowledge of Brahman
Answer: (C)
39. Which one among the following is not a Nityadravya?
(A) ________ Paramā u
(B) Akāśa
(C) ________ Dvyan.uka
(D) Dik
Answer: (C)
40. According to Nyaya ‘Shell is Silver’ is a false cognition because
(A) Silver is present any where
(B) Silver shines
(C) Silver is supplied through memory
(D) Perceiver is a silversmith
Answer: (C)
41. Mark the correct symbolization (as given below) for given statement: Statement:
Bees and wasps sting if they are either angry or frightened.
(Bx, Wx, Sx, Ax, Fx) Symbolization
(A) (∃x) {(Bx ⋅ Wx) ⊃ [(Ax ∨ Fx) ⊃Sx]}
(B) (x) {(Bx ∨ Wx) ⊃ [(Ax ∨ Fx) ⊃Sx]}
(C) (x) {(Bx ∨ Wx) ⊃ Ax ∨ Fx ⊃ Sx
(D) (x) (Bx ∨ Wx) ⊃ (Ax ∨ Fx) ⊃ Sx
Answer: (B)
42. According to Nyāya Philosophy,Pramā is
(A) Yathārtha anubhava
(B) Manifestation of an object
(C) That which is practicable
(D) Knowledge of an unknown object
Answer: (A)
43. According to Nyaya Philosophy, ‘Water looks cold’ is an example of
(A) Janalaksana Pratyaksa
(B) Samanya Laksana Pratyaksa
(C) Yogaja Pratyaksa
(D) Laukika Sannikarsa
Answer: (A)
44. According to Naiyāyikas Śabda-artha Sambandha is
(A) Natural
(B) Conventional
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)
Answer: (B)
45. The name of the theory advocated by Prabhakara School regarding sentence meaning
(A) Abhihitānvyavāda
(B) Anvitabhidhānavāda
(C) Tatparyavāda
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
46. Nyay Theory of Knowledge is an example of
(A) Absolute Idealism
(B) Realism
(C) Subjective Idealism
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
47. The following inference is an example of:
‘No non-soul is animate. All living beings are animate. Therefore all living beings have souls’.
(A) Kevalanvayi
(B) Kevala vyatireki
(C) Anvaya-vyatireki
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
48. “Woman is not born, but made” is the statement of
(A) Mary Wollstonecraft
(B) Emma Goldman
(C) Simone de Beauvoir
(D) Luce Irigary
Answer: (C)
49. Who among the following Philosophers has propounded the concept of ‘Becoming’?
(A) Pythagoras
(B) Thales
(C) Heraclitus
(D) Democritus
Answer: (C)
50. Which of the following paths was advocated by Buddha?
(A) Shreya
(B) Madhyampratipada
(C) Kaivalya
(D) Preya
Answer: (B)
51. Who says that space and time are empirically real but transcendentally ideal?
(A) Pythagoras
(B) Spinoza
(C) Kant
(D) Hegel
Answer: (C)
52. Which theory of the following holds that ‘universal’ means universal concepts and not anything external to our minds?
(A) Realism
(B) Nominalism
(C) Conceptualism
(D) Resemblance theory
Answer: (C)
53. Essential feature of the phenomenological method iswww.netugc.com
(A) Intentionality
(B) Doubting the world
(C) Technique of bracketing
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
54. Which of the philosophers given below made a distinction between grammatical interpretation and psychological interpretation?
(A) Dilthey
(B) Heidegger
(C) Schleiermacher
(D) Gadamer
Answer: (C)
55. Consider List – I with List – II and select the code correctly matched:
List – I List – II
(Praman)
a. Nyaya i. Two
b. Bauddha ii. Four
c. Carvaka iii. Three
d. Samkhya iv. One
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii i iv iii
(B) iii ii iv i
(C) iv i iii ii
(D) i ii iii iv
Answer: (A)
56. Brahmacharya is the means to meet
(A) R.i a
(B) Pit a
(C) Deva a
(D) Manusya na
Answer: (A)
57. Match List – I with List – II and mark the correct option:
List – I List – II
a. p ≡ p ∨ q i. Material implication
b. (p ⊃ q) ≡ (–q ⊃–p) ii. Tautology
c. (p ⊃ q) ≡ (–p ∨ q) iii. Commutation
d. (p ∨ q) ≡ (q ∨ p) iv. Transportation
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iv iii
(B) ii iv i iii
(C) iii iv ii i
(D) iv ii iii i
Answer: (B)
58. Examine the following argument and spot the right option: Argument:
P ⊃ (Q ∨ R)
S ⊃ (T ⋅ U)
–T
∴ P ⊃ U
Options:
(A) Valid
(B) Invalid
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
Answer: (B)
59. Match List – I with List – II according to Vaiśesika metaphysics and select the correct code as given below:
List – I List – II
a. ________ Paramāu i. Vibhu
b. Ātmā ii. Niravayava
c. Manas iii. Mahat
d. Ghata iv. ___________ Anuparimā a
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) ii i iv iii
(C) i iii ii iv
(D) ii iii i iv
Answer: (B)
60. The first part of Yoga Sutra is
(A) Kaivalyapāda
(B) Sādhanāpāda
(C) Vibh–utipāda
(D) Samādhipāda
Answer: (D)
61. Which type of change in the gu as causes the starting of evolution according to Samkhya?
(A) Sar–upa Pari āma
(B) Vir–upa Pari āma
(C) Both sar–upa and vir–upa pari āma
(D) Neither sar–upa nor vir–upa pari āma
Answer: (B)
62. According to Nyaya-Vaisesika dravya-gu a relationship is known as
(A) Sa. myoga
(B) Samavāya
(C) Tādātmya
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
63. According to Śa kara tattvamasi’ establishes use identify of Jīva with Brahman through
(A) Its primary meaning
(B) Its secondary meaning
(C) Both its primary and its secondary meaning
(D) Neither its primary nor its secondary meaning
Answer: (B)
64. According to Rāmānuja, the individual soul is
(A) Only j ātā
(B) J ātā and Kartā
(C) Kartā and Bhoktā
(D) J ātā, Kartā and Bhoktā
Answer: (D)
65. According to the Naiyāyikas vyatirekā vyāpta between hetu and sādhya obtains when
(A) All cases of Hetu are cases of absence of Sādhya.
(B) Some cases of Hetu are cases of Sādhya
(C) Some cases of Sādhya are casesof Hetu
(D) All cases of absence Sādhya are cases of absence of Hetu
Answer: (D)
66. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer code from below:
List – I List – II
a. Rational Utilitarianism i. G.E. Moore
b. Quantitative Utilitarianism ii. Sidgwick
c. Ideal Utilitarianism iii. Bentham
d. Qualitative Utilitarianism iv. J.S. Mill
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iv ii iii
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) ii iv i iii
(D) ii iii i iv
Answer: (D)
67. Consider the statements of J.S. Mill given below and mark the correct code:
1. J.S. Mill’s theory is Altruistic hedonism and qualitative utilitarianism.
2. Mill uses pleasure and happiness synonymously.
3. Mill regards virtue, health, love of honour and the like as intrinsic values.
Codes:
(A) 1, 2 and 3 are true.
(B) 1 and 2 are true.
(C) 1 and 3 are true.
(D) Only 2 is true.
Answer: (B)
68. In Russell’s philosophy, logical atomism and theory of truth go together
(A) Correspondence
(B) Pragmatic
(C) Coherence
(D) Semantic
Answer: (A)
69. Who said that “where of one cannot speak, there of one must be silent”?
(A) Husserl
(B) Heidegger
(C) Wittgenstein
(D) Ayer
Answer: (C)
70. Consciousness according to Nyāya is
(A) A contingent attribute of self
(B) An eternal attribute of self
(C) An eternal substance
(D) A non-eternal substance
Answer: (A)
71. Which of the following statements are true with regard to ‘Will theory’ of Human Rights Discussion?
(A) It argues that the principal function of Human Rights is to protect and promote certain essential human interests.
(B) It attempts to establish the validity of Human Rights based on the unique human capacity for freedom.
(C) (B) above is true and (A) is false.
(D) Both (A) and (B) above are true.
Answer: (C)
72. Consider the below given statements and mark the correct code:
Assertion (A): Human conscience immediately perceives the rightness or wrongness of actions without considering their relations to any end or consequences.
Reason (R): Rightness and wrongness are inherent qualities of actions.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
73. According to Heidegger Hermeneutic Circle refers to
(A) Reciprocity between text and its parts
(B) Reciprocity between text and meaning
(C) Reciprocity between meaning and context
(D) Reciprocity between self-understanding and understanding of the world.
Answer: (D)
74. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the list:www.netugc.com
List – I List – II
(Different names used for the highest ideal) (The Schools associated with these names)
a. Moksa i. Vedanta
b. Nirvana ii. Samkhya
c. Apavarga iii. Nyaya
d. Kaivalya iv. Buddhism
v. Jaina
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iv iii v
(B) ii v iv i
(C) iii ii i iv
(D) v ii iii iv
Answer: (A)
75. Scepticism is the
(A) Starting point of Hume’s philosophy
(B) Conclusion of Hume’s philosophy
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
Answer: (B)